Biomarker Wiki
Learn about blood test biomarkers, reference ranges, and what your results mean
Albumin
Complete guide to albumin testing — normal ranges, causes of low albumin, and when to get tested.
ALP (Alkaline Phosphatase)
Complete guide to ALP testing — normal ranges, causes of high alkaline phosphatase, and when to get tested.
ALT (Alanine Aminotransferase)
Complete guide to ALT blood test — normal ranges, what elevated levels mean, and when to get tested.
AST (Aspartate Aminotransferase)
Complete guide to AST testing — normal ranges, liver function markers, and when to get tested.
Bicarbonate (HCO3)
Complete guide to bicarbonate (CO2) blood testing — normal ranges, acid-base balance, and when to get tested.
Bilirubin (Total, Direct, Indirect)
Complete guide to bilirubin testing — normal ranges, causes of high bilirubin, jaundice, and when to get tested.
BUN (Blood Urea Nitrogen)
Complete guide to BUN testing — normal ranges, kidney function markers, and when to get tested.
Chloride (Cl)
Complete guide to chloride blood testing — normal ranges, causes of abnormal levels, and when to get tested.
Total Cholesterol
Complete guide to total cholesterol testing — desirable levels, what high cholesterol means, and when to get tested.
Cortisol
Complete guide to cortisol testing — normal ranges, causes of high and low cortisol, adrenal function, and when to get tested.
Creatinine
Complete guide to creatinine blood test — normal ranges by sex, what high and low levels mean, and when to get tested.
Estradiol (E2)
Complete guide to estradiol testing — normal ranges for men and women, menstrual cycle variations, and when to get tested.
Ferritin
Complete guide to ferritin blood test — normal ranges by sex, what high and low levels mean, and when to get tested.
eGFR (Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate)
Complete guide to eGFR testing — normal ranges, kidney function stages, and when to get tested.
Glucose (Blood Sugar)
Complete guide to blood glucose testing — normal fasting ranges, what high and low levels mean, and when to get tested.
HbA1c (Glycated Hemoglobin)
Complete guide to HbA1c blood test — normal ranges, what results mean for diabetes, and when to get tested.
Hematocrit (HCT)
Complete guide to hematocrit testing — normal ranges, causes of high and low hematocrit, and when to get tested.
Hemoglobin (Hb, HGB)
Complete guide to hemoglobin blood test — normal ranges, what high and low levels mean, and when to get tested.
MCV (Mean Corpuscular Volume)
Complete guide to MCV testing — normal ranges, causes of microcytic and macrocytic anemia, and when to get tested.
Platelets (Platelet Count)
Complete guide to platelet count testing — normal ranges, causes of high and low platelets, and when to get tested.
Potassium (K)
Complete guide to potassium blood testing — normal ranges, causes of high and low potassium, and when to get tested.
Progesterone
Complete guide to progesterone testing — normal ranges, menstrual cycle variations, pregnancy levels, and when to get tested.
PSA (Prostate-Specific Antigen)
Complete guide to PSA testing — normal ranges, causes of elevated PSA, prostate cancer screening, and when to get tested.
RBC (Red Blood Cell Count)
Complete guide to RBC count testing — normal ranges, causes of high and low red blood cells, and when to get tested.
Sodium (Na)
Complete guide to sodium blood testing — normal ranges, causes of high and low sodium levels, and when to get tested.
Testosterone (Total & Free)
Complete guide to testosterone testing — normal ranges for men and women, causes of high and low testosterone, and when to get tested.
TSH (Thyroid Stimulating Hormone)
Complete guide to TSH blood test — normal ranges, what high and low levels mean, and when to get tested.
Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin)
Complete guide to vitamin B12 testing — normal ranges, causes of deficiency, symptoms, and when to get tested.
Vitamin D (25-OH)
Complete guide to vitamin D blood test — normal levels, deficiency symptoms, and when to get tested.
White Blood Cells (WBC, Leukocytes)
Complete guide to white blood cell count — normal ranges, what high and low levels mean, and when to get tested.